الأحد، 13 فبراير 2011

E-learning in developing countries, hopes and challenges

Education, water, air .. Famous words uttered by the late great Adebna Dr. Taha Hussein, he was the first club of free education in Egypt .. How were the words of a wise .. States advance the efforts of their children .. And United do not thrive unless the people of learner .. People are ignorant and fail to be delicious according to colonize the occupied by all means and resources and Estpz Istabdha. And sincerity of the late great poet Ahmed Shawki, when he said:
Science and money to build their own people did not build the King of ignorance and reduce
If we reviewed the history, civilizations of the previous nations ranging from ancient Egyptian civilization and Chinese civilization, the Romanian and Islamic civilization and the modern European civilization. All civilizations have flourished and made the efforts of science and enlightenment. And we know how to make leaders and leaders of the strenuous efforts to educate their people.
We have seen the Holy Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him which frees the prisoner peer education of Muslims. How much grant caliphs Islamists in the ages of prosperity are gifts to those who submit a new Science, translation and interpretation, new theories in medicine, chemistry, mathematics, applied science, inventions, and all the world and offers and knows the students, prompting those civilization, what was not achieved by other civilization in that era of history .
Here is European civilization, focusing on education, scientists and grant awards to scientists (Nobel Prize) and the adoption edifices of science everywhere. And see the heads of European countries and the United States means how the educational process, attracting scientists from everywhere to advance progress in that country and use all the means of seduction to urge them to stay Belk States and contributing to its development.
We have seen the Prime Minister of Japan celebrates with the Minister of Education and the education of my mother last Japanese citizen in Japan as a whole. And illiteracy have become now in Japan is equal to zero.
The basic elements of the educational process:
If our vocabulary to the educational process, we find it boils down to a set of key elements of the following:
• The student: a targeted education, training or learning.
• Teacher: He explains and presents and teaches the curriculum of choice.
• the curriculum: the educational material or Altderbep to be absorbed by the student and learn.
• Location: This is what has been termed the school, which consists of a semester or several classrooms or lecture halls, workshops, educational or training field or lab ..
• aid for education or training: or what has been termed an educational aids, tools and appliances and equipment that the teacher in explaining the cooperation of educational material or may be used by the student to Jesusb curriculum starting from the blackboard and chalk, and even computers and Internet networks.
• Calendar: What is a Stalh upon assessment and examinations are the means and tools that are used for measuring the absorption of the student and the educational material to be collected.
• means of communication or communication: It can either be:
o directly: and be confrontation between the student and teacher at the same time and place.
o indirectly: and be the center or through an intermediary such as books, lectures, radio, television, telephone and computer networks and international network of information (Internet) and satellites and so on.
• the scope of education: a range that Sitaatm the educational process or a Altderbep:
o the scope of Zamani: Specifies the timing of education or training.
o spatial scale: Specify the whereabouts of the scientific education of the parties.
o range objective: to be determined accurately Education Topics
o legal domain: Specifies the legal educational process and ethical controls.
o the scope of Mali: determines the cost of the educational process on the parties to participate in the educational process.
Planning of the educational process:
I must state from the outset to define the objectives of the educational process carefully and the extent of the process to achieve those goals Atpamoma. For example, the father went well as industrial objectives for the education industry in general and in specific areas such as sometimes the auto industry in northern Italy, or iron and steel in the south of England or the oil industry in many places of oil extraction or processing. He also states agricultural nations toward their educational objectives of agricultural education, agricultural research and agricultural export. Trading nations and draws its educational goals to advance the work of the trade, business and banks and so on. Other countries are also focusing on the military industry for example, or focus on scientific research, chemical or biological weapons. Must also be in order to achieve those goals that have dimensions of time and specific measurements. In other words, to reduce the illiteracy rate from 40% to 30% of the population in a period of five years, for example, or that with the help of researchers and students in obtaining degrees in the field of genetic engineering research during the
Three years by not less than 50% of those enrolled in graduate studies at universities or to the rehabilitation of the 5 thousand teachers in primary education on computer science and information technology within a specific time period. It appears that the possibility of achieving those goals and how to measure the extent of its implementation or not.
The States also determine educational policies, which have achieved its objectives and comply with, according to its geographic and temporal, economic and cultural rights. And that those policies are clear to all segments of the educational process.
The State must also determine the critical success factors that may hinder the achievement of targets set by and determine how to address those constraints.
When the State sets educational policies and constraints that face the implementation of the educational process must take into account many factors determine, including:
• the population in general.
• enumerate the target of the educational process.
• the prevalence and distribution of the target in different communities (Urban - Rural - Bedouins - ....).
• definition and classification of the target age groups
• the definition of educational levels and educational tracks targeted (literacy - primary education - secondary education - university education - education over university education.
May also identify some other countries Onuaa of education and rehabilitation, such as:
o Azhari education types.
o vocational education of different types (such as plumbing - blacksmithing - carpentry - electrical work).
o vocational education of different types (such as car repair - Computer repair - repair of household appliances - ...)
• define the types of education: public education - my education - education funded by the views.
• Classification of Education Target: Agricultural Education - Industrial Education - Commercial Education - Vocational Education - ...
• the geographical nature of the state.
• Identify and means of communication available to each of the foregoing.
• the definition of the different cultures of the target groups of education.
Common features of developing countries
Mmasbak can draw the basic features common to developing countries:
• high rate of illiteracy.
• high unemployment, especially among holders of certificates of education.
• the low level of teachers.
• Low level of education and culture for students.
• the geographical distribution of diverse students.
• high rate of illiteracy among females.
• Lack of appropriate labor market requirements for the qualifications available.
• Learning outside the walls of the school (and Homaiseme the phenomenon of private tuition and are experiencing many countries consume billions of parents, a phenomenon of negative economic as they constitute a moral phenomenon, negative give the flag to those who have the capacity and are deprived of science who do not have the capacity, as it produces students who have the ability to save No capacity for innovation and creativity)
• lack of infrastructure (Transportation - Communication - Methods - Electricity).
• lack of financial support for these countries to finance development projects to them.
Addition to the uniqueness of some other countries, other features such as the geographical nature of the state (mountain - a desert - a vast sprawling - coastal -.....) and different races, cultures and religions of the target groups, as well as different languages and especially the People and the different dialects - ...
The current revolution in information technology and education:
We live now in an era of information and the information technology revolution enormous. There has been great development in scientific and technological progress are encouraged to say that this is leaps not achieved by human before, while took human for hundreds of years to move from the era of agriculture to the industrial age, has moved humanity into the atomic age in decades and then to the space age in years , then we see now is a tremendous technological progress almost every hour all over the globe. This era is characterized by many features, including:
• the fall of the spatial barriers between States and the world is now a single village.
• a huge influx of information.
• the availability of various sources of information for all of mankind without distinction.
• communication between all levels (countries and institutions, organizations and individuals) to each other.
• provide communication throughout the week and 24 hours. There is no interruption of communication.
• the fall of the temporal barriers.
• Do not monopolize the means of communication and networks.
• the availability and proliferation of electronic devices such as computers and electronic equipment.
• Easy and simple to use electronic devices.
All or some of these features contribute a lot in overcoming some of the problems faced by developing countries in addressing the problem of teaching. While lacking in developing countries to the networks that meet the communication between different parts of the State and at the same time you need to billions and many years to build such networks might be possible to achieve communication through the use of modern types of communication satellites and motor vehicle equipped with a position on the reception of these satellites in any place of the state.
It also may allow ease of use of machinery, equipment and computers, has published numerous curricula, culture, training and education to many groups and through the use of pools government or civil, such as cafes (internet cafes) or youth centers or clubs, popular or even the role fitted to some of the groups capable of in the villages and hamlets, and hamlets and Bedouin settlements (House of the mayor or chief of the tribe), or use of vehicles and mobile car and fitted with communications and computers (which is called convoys of mobile information technology) and then held in such remote places Awafiqirp unable to buy or the provision of computers and communications equipment, are not equipped information networks.
And the multiplicity of teaching aids provided by the Altknuljia now, such as interactive communication and virtual classes and networking for the Internet and smart schools contribute to breaking the vicious circle that took place in many developing countries of ignorance, backwardness and give a comparative advantage for e-learning for traditional education.
Thus, it is clear that current technology may contribute to a reasonable level in the dissemination of education in developing countries and break a lot of barriers to the educational process in developing countries.
And we will discuss in detail in later chapters for such uses.

Features of e-learning:
Is e-learning features numerous, and vary those features according to the provided by every means of technology used, while providing television is widespread and does not require any effort from the recipient of the scientific education may be a barrier of time constraint I have a learner may not suit the time of the learner to the timing of radio educational programs, we find that your computer provides the learner participation in the educational process and determine the timing of learning according to the desire of the learner.
And also provides a computer connected to a network the possibility of interactive dialogue between the learner and the teacher, which helps to complete the elements of the educational process can also be through the use of Allvzio n or radio, for example, teaching a very large number of listeners in times of multiple fit most groups, regardless of where and when they are a cheap way Cheap and you do not need to high cost. The use of computers and information networks, and you may need to higher cost and a greater effort to learn to use the devices are characterized by features more on radio and television, we will discuss later, but now we are in the process view of those features that characterize e-learning, including the following:
• education of a large number of students without the constraints of time or place.
• educate large numbers in a short time.
• Dealing with thousands of sites.
• the possibility of dialogue and discussion.
• use many of the education aid, teaching aids, which may not be available I have a lot of learners of audio-visual aids.
• Encourage self-learning.
• Evaluate the immediate and rapid results and to identify and correct errors.
• The participation of the people of the learner.
• taking into account individual differences for each learner to achieve as a result of self-use. (One device in front of each learner)
• multiple sources of knowledge as a result of the different contact sites on the Internet
• Easy to use tools and equipment.
• The use of virtual classrooms.
• Exchange of experiences among schools.
• Easy and fast update information content.
• dissemination of communication with students and each other, thus achieving compatibility between the different categories of levels equal and compatible.
• improve the use of technological skills.
• improve and develop the skills of reading and research.
• the possibility of future expansion.
• support innovation and creativity of the learners.
• the possibility of hiring rare.
Themes of education-mail:
We will mention some of the themes of e-learning as a simple display size are not likely to search the detailed exposure of those themes that characterize e-learning for regular education customary and traditional themes that can contribute to the planning of e-learning, including:
• virtual classrooms. Virtual classes
• educational seminars. Video Conferences
• self-education. E-learning
• educational sites on the Internet and Intranet. Internet Sites
• Self-evaluation of the student. Self Evaluation
• management and follow-up and preparation of results.
• interaction between the school and the student and the teacher. Interactive Relation Ship
• confusion between education and entertainment. Entertainment & Education
Elements of e-learning:
Can identify the key elements that are e-learning as follows:
• Students Pfiathm and various types of.
• the school and teachers.
• parents.
• curricula.
• communication networks.
• technical guidance.
• Control System and the administration and registration.
• self-learning.
• evaluation.
• educational channels.
• machines and equipment (transmitters and receivers kinds of all kinds)
• E-mail. E-Mail
• virtual classrooms.
• electronic seminars.
• chat rooms (chat) Chatting Rooms
• simulation. Simulation
• recordings. Video and Audio Records
• Documents.
Participation of the schools and universities in the education-mail:
E-learning depends on the active participation of educational institutions available to the state and the existing universities and schools - (do not focus here on schools and public universities only) - play an important role in the implementation of e-learning through the implementation of some of the following activities:
• determine the educational content.
• Identify plan lectures.
• identify groups of students receiving the e-learning.
• Monitoring the performance of virtual chapter.
• determine how to use e-mail in organization and management of virtual classrooms.
• follow up and observe and review the functions of students.
• evaluate students.
• preparation of reports and statistics.
Participation in teacher education-mail:
The teacher is the main pillar of the education-mail and we will focus on the major activities that contribute to the teacher they differ to some extent on the activities of the teacher in traditional education:
• To provide instant information to a large number and variety of students.
• Use e-mail.
• The use of chat rooms.
• provide multiple educational channels and multiple sites on the Internet.
• communication with schools.
• Monitoring the performance of the student.
• issuing regular reports.
Participation of parents:
E-learning is characterized by multiple advantages of traditional education, where it serves a range of activities for the people of the learner, including:
• Follow-up through Chapter virtual computers from anywhere.
• Use e-mail.
• View Teacher's Notes.
• The use of rooms dialogue with the teacher.
• View school reports.
• Review of educational content.
Virtual classroom: Virtual Schools
Given the importance of virtual classrooms in the new concept of e-learning and different root for traditional classroom education, secured in the customary we will give some observations and a simplified explanation of the role of education in virtual classrooms-mail:
In fact, Chapter imaginary is the separation of all components and elements accepted is subject to the teacher and students and learning materials and aids and exams, evaluation and financial cost and the rules and laws that govern the educational process, only where there is no place unrealistic, it is a web site, the Internet or local network Intranet and contains pages of information are available on those pages the educational elements mentioned above and all linked through the network and is also linked through the network to all other websites that contain naturally to other chapters imaginary Oovsol other real connected to the network by a limited number of students in one place at one school. It features chapter imaginary several advantages, including:
• Provide economic.
• provide a vast number and types of information sources.
• the ability to generate research of students.
• The ability to focus with the teacher where the student does not feel the presence of other students unless it is contained.
• complete freedom to choose the time and educational material and the teacher giving the student the ability to accommodate the larger.
• The use of dialogue (other means such as television, radio and electronic Alasitonat CDs and books do not allow the student dialogue with the teacher or with others).
There may be some weaknesses such as:
• the need to have the student the ability to use computers.
• the need to be a teacher a great deal of knowledge to deal with virtual classrooms and how to deal with students through it.
• the need to provide the Internet or local Intranet network information.
• the need to provide educational content suitable for publishing on the Web in the language understandable to students.
• the need for a management system and follow-up system for virtual classes.
Hence it is clear that the key element in these points is a rehabilitation teacher is the crucial element. And, of course, the education or teacher training on the use of virtual classrooms and the use of e-learning is generally considered one of the most important ingredients of success for e-learning and there are some Annabarjb focus include the following examples:
• training of teachers on modern technology.
• training of teachers on new curricula developed.
• Update the experiences of teachers and education.
• training of teachers to deal with virtual classrooms.
• Achieving justice teacher training, especially in remote areas and focus on females
Self-learning: E-Learning
A new term has also appeared with the advent of e-learning which is similar to the traditional liberal education who teaches courses in which students then travel to one of the educational institutions for the exam and obtain a particular certificate. The same concept declares many of the educational institutions for their capacity to provide self-learning for students who want to through the Internet and students to register themselves and pay the cost of the credit cards to those institutions and then identify and select materials for which they wish to learn and these institutions make these materials through their on the Internet or through CDs sent to the student and the student studied, and then progress to the tests set by the educational institution of the international network through the Internet and see the result immediately and obtain a certificate by mail or e-mail.

Abstract:
There is a real challenge facing developing countries, especially Arab countries now is that the great technological development and the information revolution, which changed many of the concepts and patterns of work and relationships, which requires those countries to take advantage of the new features provided by this development and try to cross the gap that separates them from developed countries or it will not join them may be this is the final run Rooms or sit in the circle of those States backwardness and ignorance. The following conclusions can be drawn up for this search in the following:

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